BIO 3334:Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 1
Along Term Repeat Retrotransposon (TF1) of Fission Yeast has Strong Preferences for Specific Sites of Insertion.
In this study, we learned the techniques of creating G418 sensitive colonies of S.Pombe colonies. The G418 sensitives means that there is no TF1 insertion or the TF1 is hiding in the heterochromatic regions of the DNA. First, the G418 sensitive colonies were obtained using replica printing technique through the phenotypic analysis of the TF1 transposed yeast cells. The next step was to perform a genotypic analysis of the G418 sensitive Tf1 transposed cells to determine the presence of the Neo-gene. The DNA was isolated, we performed electrophoresis and western blot to transfer the DNA to the membrane. Finally the presence of the Neo-gene is detected using the Digoxigenin Neomycin probe. The DNA from 20 G418 sensitive colonies were tested and 11 were Neo negative, which indicated no TF1 insertion. 9 colonies were positive which indicated the presence of Neo gene.
BIO 1307: Scientific Writing
Functional Response of Predators to Prey
Abstract:
The rate at which the predator consumed the prey changes with the change on prey density and it is known as functional response (Holling, 1959). This can be tested using a sample experimental approach of using paper square and calculating the number of squares pick up in a minute by a blindfolded forager at different densities. My hypothesis is that the number of the prey hunted will increase proportionally with the increase in the prey density. The results showed an increase in the number of the squares collected for the first couple of the times with the increase in number of squares placed on the table. But, after a certain density that increase in the number of squares placed on the table didn’t affect the amount of the squares pick up by the forager in a minute. Thus, the hypothesis that the increase in the prey density will increase the predation rate proportionally is not true.
Scientific Inquiry
CHE 2230: Organic Chemistry Lab
Fischer Esterification: Esterification of Carboxylic Acid
Introduction:
This experiment was performed to synthesize ester using the carboxylic acid and alcohol. The reaction is called Fischer Esterification. In the reaction, unknown carboxylic acid and alcohol was used. The structures of the chemicals used were determined later, through the analysis of the ester product.
Purpose:
The purpose of this experiment was to understand and perform the synthesis of ester through the Fischer Esterification process. It was an equilibrium reaction and to synthesize the ester, we used excess amount of the starting material, therefore, the reaction proceeded towards the product. Water was also formed in the reaction as a bi-product. According to the Le Chaliter’s Principal the yield can be improved by using excess starting material and by removing products. The product was then extracted, purified, collected, and tested using different laboratory techniques. The structure of the unknown ester was determined using the NMR and IR. Then the structures of the unknown starting chemicals were also determined.
